Sala operatoria e temperatura bassa, attenzione che favorisce le infezioni - Bibliografia

Bibliografia

1. "Thermophysiological Comfort of Surgeons and Patient in an Operating Room" / "Thermophysiological comfort analysis in surgical environments". Analisi biomeccanica e simulazioni dello stress da calore per l'equipe chirurgica. 
2. "High-tech hospital gowns are hot." Discussione sui requisiti operativi termici dell'equipe anestesiologica e chirurgica (Cleveland Clinic). 
3. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). "National Healthcare Safety Network (NHSN) Surgical Site Infection (SSI) Event Protocol." Report sull'impatto economico e prolungamento degenza. 
4. Preas, M.A., O'Hara, L., Thom, K. "2017 HICPAC-CDC Guideline for Prevention of Surgical Site Infection: What the infection preventionist needs to know." LHA Trust Funds. 
5. "Bacterial growth vs operating room temperature." PubMed, PMID: 2349628. Indagine sulla proliferazione microbica a temperatura ambiente. 
6. "Factors influencing microbial colonies in the air of operating rooms." PubMed, PMID: 29291707. Impatto del numero di chirurghi e della temperatura sulla concentrazione di CFU/m³. 
7. ClinicalTrials.gov. "Effect of Active Warming by Maintaining the Normothermia During Abdominal Surgical Procedures." Identificatore: NCT04187378. 
8. Nurse24. "Incidenza ipotermia accidentale in pazienti sottoposti a intervento chirurgico." Differenziazione in ipotermia leggera, moderata e severa. Strategie di riscaldamento cutaneo profondo. 
9. "Intentional vs Accidental Perioperative Hypothermia and Surgical Site Infections." SciELO. Studio sui meccanismi patogenetici vascolari che innescano l'aumento delle SSI. 
10. PubMed Central (PMC). "Inadvertent perioperative hypothermia: mechanisms, consequences and prevention." Impatto sulla coagulazione, SSI e perfusione ischemica periferica. PMC7807998. 
11. WHO Guidelines for Safe Surgery 2009. Regolazione del sistema termoregolatorio ipotalamico ed equilibrio feedback neuro-centrale perioperatorio. 
12. Seidelman, J.L., et al. "Surgical Site Infection Prevention: A Review." JAMA, Duke Center for Antimicrobial Stewardship and Infection Prevention, 2022. DOI: 10.1001/jama.2022.24075. PMID: 36648463. 
13. PubMed Central (PMC). "Correlation between surgical wound infection in the presence of hypothermia." PMC4879923. 
14. PubMed Central (PMC). Studio metanalitico di 25 studi clinici sull'associazione tra ipotermia perioperatoria e tassi di SSI in base alle soglie di temperatura e interventi (PMC12403262). 
15. "The impact of perioperative hypothermia on surgical site infection risk: a meta-analysis." BMC Anesthesiology, 2025. DOI: 10.1186/s12871-025-03277-7. PMID: 40898040. 
16. PubMed Central (PMC). Metanalisi e modelli statistici su studi clinici randomizzati (RCT) vs studi osservazionali sulla relazione tra ipotermia ed SSI (PMC6380769). 
17. "The association between perioperative hypothermia and surgical site infection: A meta-analysis." Medicine (Baltimore), 2019. DOI: 10.1097/MD.0000000000014392. PMID: 30732182. 
18. "Unintended perioperative hypothermia and Surgical Site Infection in pediatric patients." PubMed, PMID: 35395563. Associazione clinica inversa anomala rilevata in età pediatrica. 
19. Wu, A., et al. "Preoperative warming and risk of surgical site infection: A systematic review and meta-analysis." International Journal of Surgery, 2020. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijsu.2020.03.016. PMID: 32198100. 
20. 20 PubMed Central (PMC). Revisione sistematica su 58 milioni di pazienti riguardante l'impatto delle stagioni calde sull'incremento del rischio di Infezioni del Sito Chirurgico. PMC8376315. 
21. ResearchGate. "The Effects of Ventilation, Humidity and Temperature on Bacterial Growth and Bacterial Genera Distribution." 
22. "Effects of ventilation, humidity, and temperature on bacterial growth." PMC, PMC9691097. Impatto combinato umidità-temperatura sulla crescita microbica. 
23. "Airborne microbial contamination and SSI." MDPI, 2024. Revisione sistematica (PRISMA) sul flusso d'aria laminare (LAF) e ricambi d'aria orari. 
24. Aria Sicura. "Temperatura Sala Operatoria: quali sono i parametri Corretti." Requisiti impiantistici microclimatici (VCCC) e normativa UNI EN ISO 7730:2006. 
25. Aria Sicura. "Linee Guida ISPESL - Sale Operatorie: protocolli da rispettare." Classificazione delle sale in ISO 5, ISO 7 e ISO 8 in base alla purificazione dell'aria. 
26. ResearchGate. Analisi termografica delle curve di raffreddamento/stoccaggio per l'equilibrazione del Polimetilmetacrilato (PMMA). 
27. ResearchGate. Modificazione delle proprietà di durezza del PMMA e calibrazione termica dell'olio di ricino nelle vertebroplastiche a reazione rapida. 
28. PubMed Central (PMC). "Effect of storage temperature and equilibration time on polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) bone cement polymerization." PMC4650370. 
29. Thieme Connect. Tempi di impasto (dough time) e polimerizzazione del cemento in relazione alle condizioni in situ. 
30. Scribd. "Bone cement working time/temperature relationship chart." Grafici relativi alle reazioni polimeriche del cemento osseo Simplex P. 
31. Scribd. Correlazioni dirette termodinamiche (mixing technique, temperatura attrezzatura) per MixEvac3, ACM e Revolution nei setting ortopedici. 
32. "Performance standards and guidelines for handling bone cement in the operating room." PMC, PMC11899357. Requisiti OSHA e AORN. 
33. AME Medical Journal. Studio randomizzato sui tempi di presa del cemento osseo ortopedico in base alla metodica di miscelazione. 
34. "Time to Set of Bone Cement with Warmed vs Room Temperature of Irrigation Water." AOAO, 2024. 
35. MDPI. Indagini sull'impatto termico dei camici chirurgici monouso vs riutilizzabili sulle prestazioni cardiovascolari del personale medico in base all'umidità. 
36. PubMed Central (PMC). Studio sistematico sull'impatto di fattori ambientali sulle prestazioni tecniche e cognitive del chirurgo in sala operatoria. PMC12708707. 
37. ClinicalTrials.gov. "Cooling Vest Intervention in the Operating Room to Reduce Heat Stress on Surgeons." Studio sull'ergonomia e i dispositivi per mitigare il calore intraoperatorio. NCT04511208. 
38. World Health Organization (WHO). Linee Guida Operative per un ambiente chirurgico sicuro (WHO Global Patient Safety Challenge). 
39. NCBI Bookshelf. Manuale operativo per un blocco operatorio sicuro (Organizzazione Mondiale della Sanità). 
40. NCBI Bookshelf. L'origine del protocollo per la sicurezza globale contro le Infezioni Correlate all'Assistenza Sanitaria. 
41. Leapfrog Group/WHO. "Implementation manual WHO surgical safety checklist 2009." Protocolli clinici preventivi in sala chirurgica. 
42. World Health Organization (WHO). "Evidence-Based Recommendations on Measures for the Prevention of Surgical Site Infection: Body temperature control (normothermia)." Ginevra, WHO, 2018. 
43. World Health Organization (WHO). Documentazione tecnica per la prevenzione SSI e mantenimento del core termico a 36,5 °C tramite sistemi ad aria forzata. 
44. Istituto Superiore di Sanità (ISS) - EpiCentro. "Impatto delle ICA sulla salute e sull'economia." Sorveglianza delle Infezioni Correlate all'Assistenza, mortalità e giornate aggiuntive (dati EARS-Net). Aggiornamento febbraio 2022. 
45. Repubblica Economia e Finanza. "Finanza: infezioni ospedaliere costo fino a 7 miliardi l'anno e nuove leve di efficienza per sistema sanitario." Report 2026. 
46. AskaNews. "Salute: le infezioni post-operatorie costano 600 mln l'anno." Studio nazionale sull'impatto economico condotto da CEIS-EEHTA Università di Roma Tor Vergata. 
47. AOGOI. "Impatto economico delle infezioni del sito chirurgico in Italia." Analisi prof. F. S. Mennini (CEIS-EEHTA). Oneri economici per prolungamento degenza. 
48. genzia Italiana del Farmaco (AIFA). "PNCAR 2022-2025: Piano Nazionale di Contrasto dell'Antimicrobico-Resistenza." Strategie SItI e GISIO per le infezioni del sito chirurgico. 
49. Istituto Superiore di Sanità (ISS) - EpiCentro. "Piano Nazionale di Contrasto all'Antibiotico-Resistenza (PNCAR) 2022-2025." 
50. Mennini, F.S. "Valutazione Economica delle Infezioni Ospedaliere: Ricoveri acuti e impatto sui DRG." Università di Roma Tor Vergata, CEIS-EEHTA. Ottobre 2019. 
51. Salvia, R., et al. "Surgical site infections clinical and economic impact after distal pancreatectomy." Surgery, 2021. DOI: 10.1016/j.surg.2021.11.010. PMID: 34972593. 
52. 52 Russo, L., et al. "Economic evaluation of a preventive bundle for Surgical Site Infections." Journal of Hospital Infection, 2025. DOI: 10.1016/j.jhin.2025.10.007. PMID: 41110728. 
53. "Economic burden of surgical site infections in Italy." PubMed, PMID: 20046101. Analisi sul risparmio delle risorse economiche. 
54. Associazione Italiana per la Ricerca sul Cancro (AIRC). "Infezioni negli ospedali: nuove indicazioni dell'OMS per prevenirle e Piano d'azione 2024-2030." 
55. Madrid, E., et al. "Active body surface warming systems for preventing complications caused by inadvertent perioperative hypothermia in adults." Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD009016.pub2.

Bibliografia

1. https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/eeb8/e1798ca5e982b550f97264a58fd43a8b3f49.pdf
2. High-tech hospital gowns are hot- Outcomes Research Consortium, https://or.org/what_we_have_done/high-tech-hospital-gowns-are-hot/
3. Surgical Site Infection Event (SSI) - CDC, https://www.cdc.gov/nhsn/pdfs/pscmanual/9pscssicurrent.pdf
4. 2017 HICPAC-CDC Guideline for Prevention of Surgical Site Infection: - What the infection preventionist needs to know, https://lhatrustfunds.com/assets/uploads/documents/API-Q0414_L_SSI_Guidelines_Final.pdf
5. Effects of room-temperature exposure on bacterial growth in stored red cells - PubMed, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2349628/
6. Factors influencing microbial colonies in the air of operating rooms - PubMed, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29291707/
7. Study Details | NCT04187378 | Effect of Active Warming on Surgical Site Infections | ClinicalTrials.gov, https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT04187378
8. L'incidenza dell'ipotermia accidentale in pazienti sottoposti ad intervento chirurgico, https://www.nurse24.it/specializzazioni/area-clinica/incidenza-ipotermia-accidentale-pazienti-intervento.html
9. Perioperative hypothermia and incidence of surgical wound infection: a bibliographic study, https://www.scielo.br/j/eins/a/Z8XcR49SfmtJMH7BGZdCrpG/?lang=en
10. Inadvertent perioperative hypothermia - PMC - NIH, https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7807998/
11. How to get away from the cold: body temperature during surgery - PMC, https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4967624/
12. Surgical Site Infection Prevention: A Review - PubMed, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36648463/
13. Perioperative hypothermia and incidence of surgical wound infection: a bibliographic study, https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4879923/
14. The impact of perioperative hypothermia on surgical site infection ..., https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12403262/
15. The impact of perioperative hypothermia on surgical site infection risk: a meta-analysis, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40898040/
16. Association between perioperative hypothermia and surgical site infection: A meta-analysis, https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6380769/
17. Association between perioperative hypothermia and surgical site infection: A meta-analysis - PubMed, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30732182/
18. Unintended Perioperative Hypothermia and Surgical Site Infection in Children - PubMed, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35395563/
19. Effects of preoperative warming on the occurrence of surgical site infection: A systematic review and meta-analysis - PubMed, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32198100/
20. Warm Weather and Surgical Site Infections: A Meta-analysis - PMC, https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8376315/
21. (PDF) The Effects of Ventilation, Humidity, and Temperature on Bacterial Growth and Bacterial Genera Distribution - ResearchGate, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/365620245_The_Effects_of_Ventilation_Humidity_and_Temperature_on_Bacterial_Growth_and_Bacterial_Genera_Distribution
22. The Effects of Ventilation, Humidity, and Temperature on Bacterial Growth and Bacterial Genera Distribution - PMC, https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9691097/
23. Impact of Microbial Load on Operating Room Air Quality and Surgical Site Infections: A Systematic Review - MDPI, https://www.mdpi.com/2813-9054/70/2/20
24. Temperatura Sala Operatoria: quali sono i parametri Corretti - Aria Sicura, https://www.ariasicura.it/parametri-corretti-temperatura-sala-operatoria/
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26. Temperature (°C)-versus-time (s) curves at different storage... - ResearchGate, https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Temperature-C-versus-time-s-curves-at-different-storage-temperatures-and_fig3_284172180
27. Typical temperature profiles for bone cement samples with various... - ResearchGate, https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Typical-temperature-profiles-for-bone-cement-samples-with-various-contents-of-castor-oil_fig7_309088875
28. Effect of storage temperature and equilibration time on polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) bone cement polymerization in joint replacement surgery - PMC, https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4650370/
29. The Effect of Ambient Temperature and Implantation Time on the Material Properties of Two Viscosity-Differing Cements Using American Society of Testing and Materials Methodology, https://www.thieme-connect.com/products/ejournals/html/10.1055/s-0039-1681090?device=desktop&innerWidth=412&offsetWidth=412
30. Bone Cement Set Time Charts: Simplex P Speedset | PDF | Computers - Scribd, https://www.scribd.com/doc/142755568/031061-1
31. Bone Cement Set Time Charts: Simplex P Speedset | PDF - Scribd, https://it.scribd.com/doc/142755568/031061-1
32. Serious challenges with bone cement in orthopedic operating rooms: an observational study from Alborz province, Iran - PMC, https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11899357/
33. Does a simple syringe applicator enhance bone cement set up time in knee arthroplasty?, https://atm.amegroups.org/article/view/17556/html
34. Time to Set of Bone Cement with Warmed vs Room Temperature of Irrigation Water | AOAO, https://aoao.org/2024/04/23/time-to-set-of-bone-cement-with-warmed-vs-room-temperature-of-irrigation-water/
35. Evaluation of Tactile and Thermophysiological Comfort in Reusable Surgical Gowns Compared to Disposable Gowns - MDPI, https://www.mdpi.com/2673-7248/4/2/14
36. Impact of environmental factors on operative team performance: systematic review and guidance for optimising clinical practice - PMC, https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12708707/
37. Cooling Vest May Reduce Heat Stress, Improve Thermal - ClinicalTrials.gov, https://cdn.clinicaltrials.gov/large-docs/08/NCT04511208/Prot_SAP_000.pdf
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42. Table 4.13.1, Recommendations on body temperature control (normothermia) according to available guidelines - NCBI, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK536431/table/ch4.tab9/
43. WHO Surgical Site Infection Prevention Guidelines Web Appendix 14 Summary of a systematic review on maintaining normal body temp - World Health Organization (WHO), https://cdn.who.int/media/docs/default-source/integrated-health-services-(ihs)/ssi/evidence/appendix14.pdf?sfvrsn=cb127b62_2
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